PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.